/* Alloy Analyzer 4 -- Copyright (c) 2006-2009, Felix Chang
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
 * (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
 * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

package edu.mit.csail.sdg.alloy4;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;

/** Mutable; implements a directed graph; null node is allowed.
 *
 * <p> Note: it uses n1==n2 for comparing nodes rather than using n1.equals(n2)
 *
 * @param <N> - the type of node
 */

public final class DirectedGraph<N> {

   /** This substitutes for null nodes. This allows hasPath() method to use put() to both insert and test membership in one step. */
   private static final Object NULL = new Object();

   /** This field maps each node X to a list of "neighbor nodes" that X can reach by following one or more directed edges. */
   private final Map<Object,List<Object>> nodeToTargets = new IdentityHashMap<Object,List<Object>>();

   /** Constructs an empty graph. */
   public DirectedGraph () { }

   /** Add a directed edge from start node to end node (if there wasn't such an edge already). */
   public void addEdge (N start, N end) {
      if (start == end) return;
      Object a = (start==null ? NULL : start);
      Object b = (end==null ? NULL : end);
      List<Object> targets = nodeToTargets.get(a);
      if (targets == null) {
         targets = new ArrayList<Object>();
         targets.add(b);
         nodeToTargets.put(a, targets);
      } else {
         for (int i = targets.size()-1; i >= 0; i--) if (targets.get(i) == b) return;
         targets.add(b);
      }
   }

   /** Returns whether there is a directed path from start node to end node by following 0 or more directed edges (breath-first). */
   public boolean hasPath (N start, N end) {
      if (start == end) return true;
      Object a = (start==null ? NULL : start);
      Object b = (end==null ? NULL : end);
      List<Object> todo = new ArrayList<Object>();
      Map<Object,Object> visited = new IdentityHashMap<Object,Object>();
      // The correctness and guaranteed termination relies on following three invariants:
      // (1) Every time we add X to "visited", we also simultaneously add X to "todo".
      // (2) Every time we add X to "todo", we also simultaneously add X to "visited".
      // (3) Nothing is ever removed.
      visited.put(a, a);
      todo.add(a);
      for(int k = 0; k < todo.size(); k++) { // use an integer loop since we will be adding to the "todo" list as we iterate
         List<Object> targets = nodeToTargets.get(todo.get(k));
         if (targets != null) for (int i = targets.size()-1; i >= 0; i--) {
            Object next = targets.get(i);
            if (next == b) { addEdge(start, end); return true; } // Cache so that later hasPath(start,end) returns true immediately
            if (visited.put(next, next) == null) todo.add(next);
         }
      }
      return false;
   }
}
